S-parameters (scattering parameters) are used to describe the way a device modifies a signal. For a 2-port device, there are four S-Parameters. The syntax for each parameter is described by the following:
S out - in
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out = |
VNA port number where the device signal output is measured (receiver) |
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in = |
VNA port number where the signal is applied (incident) to the device (source) |
Move the mouse over each S-parameter to see the signal flow:
For two-port devices:
When the source goes into port 1, the measurement is said to be in the forward direction.
When the source goes into port 2, the measurement is said to be in the reverse direction.
The analyzer automatically switches the source and receiver to make a forward or reverse measurement. Therefore, the analyzer can measure all four S-parameters for a two-port device with a single connection.
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