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Pulse Building

Pulses

Pulse Name

Pulse Add

Pulse Delete

Pulse Rename

Pulse Copy

Pulse Config

Type

Rise Time

Fall Time

Width

Width (6 dB)

Sampling Rate

Add Custom Profile

Import Custom Profile

Edit Custom Profile

Add Custom IQ

Import Custom IQ

Edit Custom IQ

Jitter Config

Type

Deviation

Pulse Width Config

Type

Start

Stop

Step

Num. of Pulses

Num. of Steps

Pulses Per Step

Add (Pulse Width Staggered)

Import (Pulse Width Staggered)

Edit (Pulse Width Staggered)

Modulation

Barker Code Length

Step Size

AM Step

AM Step Table

AddAMStep

ImportAMStep

EditAMStep

FM Step

FM Step Table

AddFMStep

ImportFMStep

EditFMStep

Custom BPSK

AddCustomBPSK

ImportCustomBPSK

EditCustomBPSK

Custom QPSK

AddCustomQPSK

ImportCustomQPSK

EditCustomQPSK

Custom Phase Pattern

AddCustomPhasePattern

ImportCustomPhasePattern

EditCustomPhasePattern

Frank Code

Code Order

FM Chirp

Chirp Deviation (+/-)

Chirp Direction

Chirp Rate (/µsec)

Custom FM Chirp

AddCustomFmChirp

ImportCustomFMChirp

EditCustomFMChirp

Pulse Name

Stores Pulse name.

Pulse Add

Adds a new pulse to the end of the Pulse library for the project.

The default name is "Pulse 1", and each additional pulse is named "Pulse 2", "Pulse 3", and so on, with the number automatically incremented. Each pulse name must be unique. The SCPI command provides an optional name parameter.

Pulse Delete

Deletes the selected Pulse from the Pulse library of the project.

Pulse Rename

Renames the selected Pulse.

Pulse Copy

Creates a copy of the selected pulse in the Pulse library of the project.

Pulse Config

Type

The Pulse Building application supports the following pulse types.

• Trapezoidal

• Raised-Cosine

• Custom Profile

• Custom IQ

For more information on these types, refer to Pulse Types

Rise Time

Sets the rise time for the 0 to 100% amplitude level.

Rise Time is the time taken for the rising edge of the pulse to increase from 0% to 100% amplitude.  

• Range is a positive time value

Fall Time

Sets the fall time of the 100 to 0% amplitude level.

Fall Time is the time taken for the falling edge of the pulse to decrease from 100% to 0% amplitude.  

• Range is a positive time value

Width

Sets the time of the pulse in the range of 100% to 100% of the amplitude.

Width is the on time of the pulse specified from 100% to 100% of the amplitude.

• Range is a positive time value

Width (6 dB)

Displays the pulse width measured at the 50% voltage levels of the rising and falling edges.

The Width (6dB) parameter is the width of the pulse from the 6dB point on the rising edge to the 6dB point on the falling edge. This field is read-only and is calculated from the Rise Time, Fall Time and Width (100% - 100%) parameters.

Sampling Rate

This setting is available when you set Pulse Type as Custom Profile or Custom IQ.

The re-sampling is accomplished using an FFT and IFFT. The process is designed to preserve the shape of the user provided data and minimize distortion at the end points. The amount of re-sampled data required is calculated as follows:

data_new = Round(data_user * SR_pattern/SR_user)

where:

• data_new = the amount of re-sampled data needed by the application

• data_user = the original amount of user Custom I/Q or profile data

• SR_user = the original user data sample rate

• SR_pattern = the current pattern sample rate

Add Custom Profile

This setting is available when you set Pulse Type as Custom Profile.

Import Custom Profile

Imports the Custom Profile values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom Profile table. This setting is used by the Custom Profile pulse type and is applicable only when you select Custom Profile as the Pulse Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom Profile data.

Edit Custom Profile

Allows you to edit the Custom Profile data values. This setting is used by the Custom Profile pulse type and is applicable only when you select Custom Profile as the Pulse Type.

Add Custom IQ

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the Custom IQ table.

This setting is available when you set Pulse Type as Custom IQ.

Import Custom IQ

Imports the Custom IQ values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom IQ table. This setting is used by the Custom IQ pulse type and is applicable only when you select Custom IQ as the Pulse Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom IQ data.

Edit Custom IQ

Allows you to edit the Custom IQ data values. This setting is used by the Custom IQ pulse type and is applicable only when you select Custom IQ as the Pulse Type.

Jitter Config

Type

The Jitter Type parameter is described as the change in the time duration, or on-time, of the pulse. The width of the pulse is lengthened and shortened by jitter. The jitter is applied to the falling edge of the pulse; the leading edge is not changed by this parameter.  

The Pulse Building application provides the following types of jitter:

• None - no jitter is applied to the pulse.

• Gaussian - jitter on the falling edge of the pulse is applied using a Gaussian probability distribution function model.

• Uniform - jitter on the falling edge of the pulse is applied using a uniform probability distribution function model.

• UShaped - jitter deviation is applied using a U-shaped distribution.

The figure below shows how a pulse with a 1 us Width (100%-100%) with jitter applied to the width will vary. In addition, the figure shows the effect of width jitter on a pulse train. Note that the pulse repetition rate remains constant. The maximum width excursion depends on the jitter deviation and type of deviation. In the figure below, the jitter deviation is 500 ns. The number of pulse widths generated with jitter is specified using the Repeat parameter set for the pattern.

Deviation

The Jitter Deviation parameter is specified as the maximum ± time excursion for any jitter. The width of the pulse (100%-100%) is changed by jittering the falling edge of the pulse using the selected probability model.

For jitter types, the jitter is applied on the falling edge of the pulse as follows.

• None - no jitter deviation is applied.

• Uniform - the jitter deviation is centered around the falling edge of the pulse. Any deviation is probable within the time specified by the Jitter Deviation entry. Any jitter deviation has an equal probability of occurring during the time interval specified in the Jitter Deviation text box. The jitter is distributed uniformly around the falling edge of the pulse. 

• Gaussian - the jitter deviation is centered around the falling edge of the pulse. Any deviation is probable within a one sigma of the limits of the jitter deviation time entry and follows a normal distribution model. The mean, mu, is the falling edge of the pulse and any jitter deviation has an equal probability of occurring during a one standard deviation (1 sigma) variance following the probability density function.

• UShaped - the jitter deviation is centered around the falling edge of the pulse. Any deviation is probable within the time specified by the Jitter Deviation entry. Any jitter deviation has an equal probability of occurring during the time interval specified in the Jitter Deviation text box. The jitter follows a u-shaped distribution around the falling edge of the pulse.

Pulse Width Config

Type

Enum type in Pulse Width config.

Refer to Pulse Width Types to know more.

Start

This setting is used by the Linear Ramp and Stepped pulse width patterns. It also maps to the Width (100% - 100%) setting.

This field is displayed only when you select Linear Ramp or Stepped as the Pulse Width Type.

Stop

This setting is used by the Linear Ramp pulse width pattern. Changing the Pulse Width Type resets this setting.

This field is displayed only when you select Linear Ramp as the Pulse Width Type.

Step

This setting is used only by the Stepped pulse width pattern. Changing the Pulse Width Type resets this setting.

This setting is displayed only when you select Stepped as the Pulse Width Type.

Num. of Pulses

Specifies the number of pulse widths.

This field is displayed only when you select Linear Ramp as the Pulse Width Type.

Num. of Steps

This setting is used by the Stepped pulse width pattern. The total pulses in the pattern equals Pulses Per Step × Number of Steps.

This field is displayed only when you select Stepped as the Pulse Width Type.

Pulses Per Step

This setting is used by the Stepped pulse width pattern. The total pulses in the pattern equals Pulses Per Step × Number of Steps.

This field is displayed only when you select Stepped as the Pulse Width Type.

Add (Pulse Width Staggered)

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the pulse width data table. This setting is used by the Staggered pulse width pattern and is displayed only when you select Staggered as the Pulse Width Type.

Import (Pulse Width Staggered)

Imports the pulse width values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined pulse width data table. This setting is used by the Staggered pulse width pattern and is displayed only when you select Staggered as the Pulse Width Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing pulse width data.

Edit (Pulse Width Staggered)

Allows you to edit the pulse width data values. This setting is used by the Staggered pulse width pattern and is applicable only when you select Staggered as the Pulse Width Type.

Modulation

Type

Each of the modulation types can have its own parameters such as step size, range and so forth and are unique to a modulation. You can add modulation by selecting a type from the Modulation Type drop down list box.

Refer to Modulation Types to know more.

Barker Code Length

This field is displayed only when you select Barker as Modulation Type.

Includes alternate bit patterns for code lengths of 2 and 4.

2: 1,0

3: 1,1,0

4: 1,1,0,1

5: 1,1,1,0,1

7: 1,1,1,0,0,1,0

11: 1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0

13: 1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1

Step Size

This field is displayed only when you select BPSK, Custom BPSK, QPSK, Custom QPSK, Barker, AM Step, or FM Step as Modulation Type.

Defined as 1/symbol rate, indicates the time duration of the phase shift for each on/off state.

AM Step

AM Step Table

Represents a step size list in the modulation segment. 

When you select the Modulation Type as AM Step, the AM Step table is displayed to allow you to add, edit, delete, or import AM Step data into this table.

Valid Step Size: 0 to 1 s

Valid Amplitude: -300 db to 300 db

If your data has a larger value, multiple steps could be created when you import the data. Refer to Importing Settings from a CSV File to know more.

AddAMStep

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the AM Step table. This setting is used by the AM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select AM Step as the Modulation Type.

ImportAMStep

Imports the AM Step values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined AM Step table. This setting is used by the AM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select AM Step as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing AM Step data.

EditAMStep

Allows you to edit the AM Step data values. This setting is used by the AM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select AM Step as the Modulation Type.

FM Step

FM Step Table

Represents a step size list in the modulation segment. 

When you select the Modulation Type as FM Step, the FM Step table is displayed to allow you to add, edit, delete, or import FM Step data into this table.

Valid Step Size: 0 to 1 s

Valid Frequency: -200 GHz to 200 GHz

If your data has a larger value, multiple steps could be created when you import the data. Refer to Importing Settings from a CSV File to know more.

AddFMStep

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the FM Step table. This setting is used by the FM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select FM Step as the Modulation Type.

ImportFMStep

Imports the FM Step values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined FM Step table. This setting is used by the FM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select FM Step as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing FM Step data.

EditFMStep

Allows you to edit the FM Step data values. This setting is used by the FM Step modulation and is applicable only when you select FM Step as the Modulation Type.

Custom BPSK

This modulation type is similar to BPSK but allows for user-defined bit patterns. The step size is automatically determined by the number of state changes indicated by the index number listed in the Custom BPSK table.

If your data has a larger value, multiple items could be created when you import the data. Refer to Importing Settings from a CSV File to know more.

AddCustomBPSK

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the Custom BPSK table. This setting is used by the Custom BPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom BPSK as the Modulation Type.

ImportCustomBPSK

Imports the Custom BPSK values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom BPSK table. This setting is used by the Custom BPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom BPSK as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom BPSK data.

EditCustomBPSK

Allows you to edit the Custom BPSK data values. This setting is used by the Custom BPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom BPSK as the Modulation Type.

Custom QPSK

The Custom QPSK table is used for the QPSK bit pattern.

The symbol period is the pulse width (100%-100%) divided by the number of symbols. QPSK has two bits per symbol. The symbol mapping is as follows:

• 00 = 0°

• 01 = 90°

• 11 = 180°

• 10 = 270°

If your data has a larger value, multiple items could be created when you import the data. Refer to Importing Settings from a CSV File to know more.

AddCustomQPSK

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the Custom QPSK table. This setting is used by the Custom QPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom QPSK as the Modulation Type.

ImportCustomQPSK

Imports the Custom QPSK values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom QPSK table. This setting is used by the Custom QPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom QPSK as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom QPSK data.

EditCustomQPSK

Allows you to edit the Custom QPSK data values. This setting is used by the Custom QPSK modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom QPSK as the Modulation Type.

Custom Phase Pattern

The custom phase code modulation applies a user-provided phase pattern to the pulse. The user phase code is entered into a table and is assumed to be in degrees. Complex polyphase patterns can be generated with MatLab or other tools.

If your data has a larger value, multiple items could be created when you import the data. Refer to Importing Settings from a CSV File to know more.

AddCustomPhasePattern

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the Custom Phase Pattern table. This setting is used by the Custom Phase Pattern modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom Phase Pattern as the Modulation Type.

ImportCustomPhasePattern

Imports the Custom Phase Pattern values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom Phase Pattern table. This setting is used by the Custom Phase Pattern modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom Phase Pattern as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom Phase Pattern data.

EditCustomPhasePattern

Allows you to edit the Custom Phase Pattern data values. This setting is used by the Custom Phase Pattern modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom Phase Pattern as the Modulation Type.

Frank Code

Code Order

Refers to the sequence of phase shifts within the code, which is typically structured as a grid where each element is defined by two indices (i, j) with both ranging from 1 to N, where N represents the number of phases in each dimension.

FM Chirp

Chirp Deviation (+/-)

The maximum change in the modulation frequency that occurs over the time period of the pulse Width (100%-100%) parameter for trapezoidal and raised-cosine pulse types and from the first point of data through the last point of data for custom profile and custom I/Q pulse types.

Chirp Direction

Can be ascending or descending and indicates an increase or decrease in frequency during the FM chirp.  

Chirp Rate (/µsec)

Calculated and displayed as a read-only reference value. Chirp rate for a trapezoidal and raised-cosine pulse type is calculated as: Chirp Rate = Chirp Deviation / pulse width.

Custom FM Chirp

This mode allows you to define the Custom FM Chirp (non-linear) modulation within the pulse. The custom FM chirp is generated using a polynomial. This polynomial represents the instantaneous frequency versus time. Refer to Custom FM Chirp to know more.

AddCustomFmChirp

Adds the specified number of new items to the end in the Custom FM Chirp table. This setting is used by the Custom FM Chirp modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom FM Chirp as the Modulation Type.

ImportCustomFMChirp

Imports the Custom FM Chirp values from a .csv or .txt file to create a user-defined Custom FM Chirp table. This setting is used by the Custom FM Chirp modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom FM Chirp as the Modulation Type.

The Import menu option (shown below) opens the Open File dialog that allows you to import a .csv or .txt file containing Custom FM Chirp data.

EditCustomFMChirp

Allows you to edit the Custom FM Chirp data values. This setting is used by the Custom FM Chirp modulation and is applicable only when you select Custom FM Chirp as the Modulation Type.